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Out in the Garden

Welcome to “Out in the Garden,” my bi-weekly newsletter featuring stories of life in my garden. I hope my stories will delight, inform, and provoke my readers. Please let me know if they do. And please share my newsletter with any others whom you think might enjoy it.

Our relationship to plants is fundamental to our well-being on this planet, yet we often treat plants very badly. I hope that in a small way my stories might help to put us as humans in a better relationship with plants. As a gardener, I learn a lot from plants about what it means to be a person, but I also learn a lot about the larger world that is not human. To be out in the garden is, for me, a joy and a journey.

The title of my newsletter (and memoir in process) comes from a column I wrote a few years ago for Community, the newspaper of the Capital District Pride Center. I called the column “Out in the Garden” to play on the two meanings of “out” relevant to the context – out of the house and out of the closet. But it is actually rather difficult to be “out” in the garden as a lesbian. Does one say to the neighbor passing by and asking a question about a particular plant, “Why, yes, that is a dwarf lilac and as a lesbian I find it a very useful plant for the small garden.”  Or perhaps when giving a talk on Lower-Maintenance Gardening I might say, “Speaking as a lesbian, I think it important to point out that lower maintenance plants have many of the characteristics we associate with weeds.” Unlikely, so for now I will tell about the other meaning of “out” and its roots, which go deep.

I got my love of gardening from my mother. She got her love of gardening from her father. She worshipped her father. Coming home from school, she would ask her mother, “Where is Dad,” and the answer was always, “Out in the garden, dear.”  My grandfather emigrated from Ireland as a young boy but all his life he treasured the memory of his mother, another gardener. My gardening lineage goes back to a cottage in Ireland.

My passion for being outside goes back to my infancy when, according to my mother, I could always be counted on to sleep deeply in my baby buggy outside on the back porch. I evidently expressed my passion for being outside as soon as I could talk. “Out” was one of my first words, and one of my first sentences conveyed the message, “I go out now.” My mother told me she could not keep shoes or socks on my feet or me inside.

Here I am, so many years later, still going out, but now of course with feet well protected by good boots and sweat-absorbing socks. Unlike the claim made by politicians and rarely fulfilled that “everything changes on day 1,” for me there is a day when everything really does change and I become a gardener again. I am out in the garden on April 1, come rain or sun or even snow. And I stay out until the end of November when darkness and the increasing cold finally force me inside. I am out early in the morning and late in the afternoon and any time in between that is possible before the heat makes it impossible or other obligations claim me.

I garden in upstate New York’s Capital District, on a corner lot that occupies 2/3rds of an acre. I have been here 23 years and by now I have improved the original clay soil sufficiently so that I can grow a wide variety of plants that are adaptable to my climate. I suffer from Zone Envy from time to time, wanting that lovely zone 6 plant palette, but I have made my peace with my zone 5 site, and besides it is getting warmer.

My large garden is composed of several smaller gardens and I try to keep track of them by giving them memorable names. The oval garden that stretches along the back of the property in front of the line of blue spruces is called, for example, “the grim reaper garden.”   Its focal point is a weeping Norway spruce, gift of my dear friend Susan. Over the years I have trained this plant to grow up for 6’ before it starts to weep down. To me it most resembles a Hawaiian dancer, with arms out to the side and body slightly bent at the knees, moving gently from side to side. But Sara, my vegetable gardening partner, says it looks much more like the grim reaper with his scythe of doom. Her name has stuck.

Ironically, the pandemic with its protocol to shelter in place has given me the chance to be out in my garden on a daily basis for the first time since I moved to Columbine Drive and began to create my garden. For several years Perennial Wisdom, my small perennial garden design business, took up most of my week and my work as an Albany County Master Gardener took up the rest of it, leaving me only Saturday to be in my own garden.

Seeing my garden every day, I have begun to notice details missed before. The iris desperately need dividing. They present masses of upheaved roots, hard-packed from years of neglect and sparsely blooming as a result. A morning’s work has seen them dug up, cleaned off, divided, and replanted in better locations. The potentillas desperately need thinning. Who knew? Looking closely now, I see and do. I am actually on top of the thistles and the Japanese bittersweet, for now.

For me, then, there is a green lining to the prohibition on leaving home. Noticing has become my job. Yesterday, I took a good look at one of my columbines, flourishing in the front shade garden under the river birch. Did it need to be so beautiful, I wondered, to do its job of reproducing itself?  It seemed like a gift, the exquisite generosity of nature. Indeed, I could not help but wonder, what immortal hand or eye framed its gorgeous symmetry.

There is so much news to share. Stay tuned for more.

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Color in the Garden

We strive for color in the garden, but perhaps we should think a bit more about the position and effects of different colors.  For example, yellow is considered to be the “happiness” color, the one that cheers you up when you are down.  If your spirits need a lift, surround yourself with yellow.  Yellow comes into its own in brighter and more intense light — later in the season, and later in the day, though nothing can match a yellow tulip or a yellow rose.  Mass Coreopsis, Helianthus, Rudbeckia for effect.  And mix with red and orange.

Then there is orange, almost my favorite color, the color of wild tiger lilies and my favorite Geums, the cultivar ‘Cookie.’  Orange is a stiumulant, exciting our emotions, increasing our desires for ever more color. Butterflies love it — think milkweed. In full sun at midday orange radiates joy.  Daylilies, cannas, blackberry lilies, kniphofia, troilius are my sources for orange.  I mix it with yellows and red in my full sun perennial garden.

 

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Tips

April Tips

Attack weeds as early as possible.  They are called weeds in part because they are first up and outcompete other plants for space and light and water.  Most of us don’t think about this need in early spring, as we have other things on our minds.  But get them early.  Good news is they are fairly easy to pull at this stage.

Delay mulching for a few weeks.  Let the soil warm up and let water get to your new growth. Wait until plants are a bit established and you can see better where to mulch.

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Tasks

March Tasks

Here is a list of March tasks:

Sharpen those tools you did not get to in November.

Prune, prune, prune.  Now you can see what needs to be removed and you won’t be stimulating new growth at the wrong time.

Make sure you have the supplies you need for the season that starts in April — organic fertilizer (I use Plant Tone and Holly Tone); systemic granule Japanese beetle control (gets put down in March or April and is taken up through roots); Deer Off.

Review the list of changes you want to make to your garden and that, of course, you carefully noted as you were taking down the garden last October.

Line up the help you need.

And how about those houseplants?  Could they use some help?  Good time to repot them.  And while you are out in the garage repotting, take a moment to get the garage ready, because when spring comes, it springs.

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Reflections

Green is a color too

Here is a green thought for a white winter day.  As gardeners, perh049aps obsessed in February with the desire and need for color, we need to remember that green is a color too.  We still can get a lot of green in winter from an appropriate mix of conifers in our plantings.  In the season, a good garden offers many shades of green as green is a rich color palette in itself.  Green also provides the base against which all color happens.  Without our gracious green we would not see so clearly the striking orange daylily.  Everybody says they want lots and lots of flowers, but when it comes to the work involved, green has a lot to offer.  Think foliage and think green, from almost yellow to almost blue.

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Reflections

In Praise of Lawns

As a gardener and a garden designer and an environmentalist, I am often in the position of trying to get folks to reduce the size of their lawn and replace lawn with gardens.  But in a recent conversation with someone even more committed than I to taking up the lawn I realized that I would not want to have no lawn.  Grass is actually an amazing plant, no other ground cover can compare for rapidity of growth, coverage, comfort, and relative ease of care.  And, yes, if cared for properly, a lawn can be environmentally sound.  Nothing frames a garden better, nothing is more fun to walk on barefoot, nothing else let’s you play croquet on it, nothing else is better to lie down on for one of those glorious outdoor naps.  In fact, there is nothing quite like grass.

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Tips

The Best Fertilizer

Gardeners know the old adage is true: “The best fertilizer is the shadow of the gardener.”  However, this spring, my shadow comes with a wheelbarrow and a shovel.  With no snow cover to provide deep and steady moisture, my gardens are dust dry.  To remedy this situation, I have fertilized them with a leaf and manure combination compost.  This will keep in whatever moisture we get, and will also add a bit of moisture itself.

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Ideas

Playing in the dirt really does make you happy

Did you know that there’s a natural antidepressant in soil? It’s true. Mycobacterium vaccae is the substance under study and has indeed been found to mirror the effect on neurons that drugs like Prozac provide. The bacterium is found in soil and may stimulate serotonin production, which makes you relaxed and happier. Studies were conducted on cancer patients and they reported a better quality of life and less stress.

Lack of serotonin has been linked to depression, anxiety, obsessive compulsive disorder and bipolar problems. The bacterium appears to be a natural antidepressant in soil and has no adverse health effects. These antidepressant microbes in soil may be as easy to use as just playing in the dirt.

Most avid gardeners will tell you that their landscape is their “happy place” and the actual physical act of gardening is a stress reducer and mood lifter. The fact that there is some science behind it adds additional credibility to these garden addicts’ claims. The presence of a soil bacteria antidepressant is not a surprise to many of us who have experienced the phenomenon ourselves. Backing it up with science is fascinating, but not shocking, to the happy gardener.

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Tasks

April chores

For those of us who garden in the northeast, April is a month of mixed weather.  Temperatures can fluctuate wildly, we often get snow, and hopefully we get a lot of rain.  Unlike children, plants like to go to bed wet and to wake up wet. I

n April we get our first good gardening days, bright sun and temperatures in the mid 60’s and higher.  So get out those tools, which you have of course cleaned and sharpened in March, and let’s get to work.

  • Cut back ornamental grasses
  • Cut back perennials left for winter interest (but not Perovskia, Russian sage)
  • Cut back “Annabelle” hydrangeas (arborescens) to 6″ above ground
  • Thin red-twigged and yellow-twigged dogwoods
  • Rake out leaves and other dead plant material
  • Edge beds
  • Compost beds with 1″ high quality compost (leaf mulch and/or manure)
  • Apply pre-emergent crab grass treatment when the forsythia blooms

April is the perfect time to transplant.  Plants are wet and still asleep and will hardly know they have been moved.

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Reflections

Arbocide in progress

cherrybad2I saw a shrub today that looked to have been tortured.  Its limbs were hacked off, a few branches left presumably for “new growth”, but its chances of survival are slim.  I wonder if there will ever come a time when we consider mistreatment of plants a crime, the way we now consider mistreatment of animals.  I wonder if there will ever come a time when we expect those who purchase plants to know how to take care of them the way we now expect people who purchase animals to know how to take care of them.  Of course, many people don’t know how and end up abusing animals, but when this happens it bothers us.  What about plants?  I often wish I had a sign that I could put where so-called landscaping or pruning is done that would read: ARBOCIDE IN PROGRESS.    It is all about awareness.  Maybe some day.